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Free-Thanksgiving-Menu-Template-(27).jpg' alt='531 Boring But Big Template' title='531 Boring But Big Template' />July 1. Prime Minister of Australia, serving from 1. March 1. 99. 6 to 3 December 2. Only Sir Robert Menzies has served in the position longer. Born in Sydney, Howard was a solicitor at Clayton Utz before entering politics, having studied law at the University of Sydney. A member of the Liberal Party and former president of the Young Liberals, he first stood for office at the 1. New South Wales state election, but lost narrowly. Boring But Big Template' title='531 Boring But Big Template' />At the 1. Howard was elected to the Division of Bennelong, which he would go on to represent until 2. He was promoted to cabinet in 1. Phillip Lynch as Treasurer of Australia, remaining in that position until the defeat of Malcolm Frasers government in 1. In 1. 98. 5, Howard was elected leader of the Liberal Party for the first time, thus replacing Andrew Peacock as Leader of the Opposition. He led the LiberalNational coalition to the 1. Bob Hawkes Labor government, and was removed from the leadership in 1. Remaining a key figure in the party, Howard was re elected leader in 1. Alexander Downer, and subsequently led the Coalition to victory at the 1. After defeating Paul Keatings Labor government in 1. Howard Government was re elected at the 1. Howards actions as prime minister included new gun laws in response to the Port Arthur massacre, the introduction of a nationwide value added tax, immigration reform, and industrial relations reform. Australia also contributed troops to the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War under his government, and led the International Force for East Timor. The Howard government was defeated at the 2. Labor Partys Kevin Rudd succeeding him as prime minister. Howard also lost his own seat at the election, becoming only the second prime minister to do so after Stanley Bruce in 1. Early life. John Howard as a boy, 1. John Howard is the fourth son of Mona ne Kell and Lyall Howard. His parents were married in 1. His eldest brother Stanley was born in 1. Walter in 1. 92. 9, and Robert Bob in 1. Lyall Howard was an admirer of Winston Churchill,1 and sympathetic to the New Guard during its early years. Howards ancestors were English, Scottish and Irish. Howard was born and raised in the Sydney suburb of Earlwood, in a Methodist family. His mother had been an office worker until her marriage. His father and his paternal grandfather, Walter Howard, were both veterans of the First AIF in World War I. They also ran two Dulwich Hill petrol stations where Howard worked as a boy. Lyall Howard died in 1. John was sixteen, leaving his mother to take care of John6 or Jack as he was also known. Howard suffered a hearing impairment in his youth, leaving him with a slight speech impediment,8 and he continues to wear a hearing aid. It also influenced him in subtle ways, limiting his early academic performance encouraging a reliance on an excellent memory and in his mind ruling out becoming a barrister as a likely career. Howard attended the state schools Earlwood Primary School and Canterbury Boys High School. Howard won a citizenship prize in his final year at Earlwood presented by local politician Eric Willis, and subsequently represented his secondary school at debating as well as cricket and rugby. Cricket remained a lifelong hobby. In his final year at school he took part in a radio show hosted by Jack Davey, Give It a Go broadcast on the commercial radio station, 2. GB, and a recording of the show survives. After gaining his Leaving Certificate, he studied law at the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1. Clayton Utz for twelve years. Howard married fellow Liberal Party member Janette Parker in 1. Melanie 1. 97. 4, Tim 1. Richard 1. 98. 0. Early political career, 1. Howard joined the Liberal Party in 1. He was a member of the partys New South Wales state executive and served as president of the Young Liberals the party youth organisation from 1. Howard supported Australias involvement in the Vietnam War, although has since said there were aspects of it that could have been handled and explained differently. At the 1. 96. 3 federal election, Howard acted as campaign manager for Tom Hughes in his local seat of Parkes. Hughes went on to defeat the 2. Labor incumbent, Les Haylen. In mid 1. 96. 4, Howard travelled to London to work and travel for a period. He volunteered for the Conservative Party in the electorate of Holborn and St Pancras South at the 1. UK general election. In 1. 96. 7, with the support of party power brokers John Carrick and Eric Willis, Howard was endorsed as candidate for the marginal suburban state seat of Drummoyne, held by Labors Reg Coady. Howards mother sold the family home in Earlwood and rented a house with him at Five Dock, a suburb within the electorate. At the election in February 1. Liberal government was returned to office, Howard narrowly lost to Coady, despite campaigning vigorously. Howard and his mother subsequently returned to Earlwood, moving to a house on the same street where he grew up. At the 1. Howard successfully contested the Division of Bennelong, located in suburban Sydney. The election saw the return of the Gough Whitlam led Labor government. Howard supported Malcolm Fraser for the leadership of the Liberal Party against Billy Snedden following the 1. When Fraser won office at the 1. Howard was appointed Minister for Business and Consumer Affairs, a position in which he served until 1. At this stage, he followed the protectionist and pro regulation stance of Fraser and the Liberal Party. Federal Treasurer 1. In December 1. 97. Howard was appointed Treasurer. During his five years in the position, he became an adherent of free market economics,2. He came to favour tax reform including broad based taxation later the GST, a freer industrial system including the dismantling of the centralised wage fixing system, the abolition of compulsory trade unionism, privatisation and deregulation. In 1. Fraser government instigated the Campbell Committee to investigate financial system reforms. Howard supported the Campbell report, but adopted an incremental approach with Cabinet, as there was wide opposition to deregulation within the government and the treasury. The process of reform began before the committee reported 2 years later, with the introduction of the tender system for the sale of Treasury notes in 1. Treasury bonds in 1. Ian Macfarlane Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, 1. Australian dollar in 1. In 1. 98. 1, Howard proposed a broad based indirect tax with compensatory cuts in personal rates however, cabinet rejected it citing both inflationary and political reasons. After the free marketeers or drys of the Liberals challenged the protectionist policies of Minister for Industry and Commerce. Phillip Lynch, they shifted their loyalties to Howard. Following an unsuccessful leadership challenge by Andrew Peacock to unseat Fraser as prime minister, Howard was elected deputy leader of the Liberal Party in April 1. His election depended largely on the support of the drys, and he became the partys champion of the growing free market lobby. The economic crises of the early 1. Howard into conflict with the economically conservative Fraser. As the economy headed towards the worst recession since the 1.