Retrouvez toutes les discothque Marseille et se retrouver dans les plus grandes soires en discothque Marseille. So I figure I will help people out by coming up with a list of alternatives to college and try to handle the criticisms that will certainly arise. There are a lot of reasons not to stare at your phone while youre driving. Game Billiard Gratis Untuk Komputer. A little kid might jump into the road, a car in front of you might have to stop. Download Theses. Mercredi 1. Download Theses. BibMe Free Bibliography Citation Maker MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard. Update 8517 725pm ET Googles new Vice President of Diversity, Integrity Governance Danielle Brown has issued her own memo to Google employees in response to. Distinguished Lecturers SlidesGraphics. Review our data policy for information about these graphics and how they may be used. Crime Scene Training A blog to teach the fundamentals of Crime Scene Investigation, and to encourage input, feedback and involvement from site visitors. Content/Upload/Slider/220178225425302676561.jpg' alt='Aramco Salary Scale Pdf Drawing' title='Aramco Salary Scale Pdf Drawing' />Crime Scene Training. By Special Agent Brian P. Boetig, FBI Academy. Investigators can increase their success in the interrogation room by applying criminological theories of deviance, which attempt to explain the roots of criminal behavior. The theories attribute deviant behavior to a multitude of spiritual, biological, and social factors. Investigators conducting interrogations can apply these principles in an effort to reduce a suspects resistance to being truthful by exploiting centuries of social science research. Possessing a basic understanding of the theories and how to practically apply them during an interrogation can improve investigators abilities to facilitate a guilty suspects transition from denial to admission. An interrogation is a critical component in nearly every criminal investigation. Obtaining a confession during an interrogation increases the likelihood of a conviction in court and, in many cases, is the only means to successfully resolving an investigation in the absence of other evidence. Investigators initially must control and direct the conversation during interrogations. In fact, interrogations are less of a conversation than a monologue by investigators in which they provide suspects with acceptable reasons to confess. These permit the suspect to maintain some dignity in light of his illicit behavior they clear the suspects conscience from experiencing overwhelming guilt or shame, except in those cases where little, if any, exist. The interrogator acts more as an understanding mediator, rather than an adversary. The investigator presents the acceptable reasons to confess, usually in one of three nonexclusive and nonexhaustive categories rationalizations, projections of blame, and minimizations. Collectively, these categories often are referred to as themes, approaches, or arguments. Rationalizations offer suspects the opportunity to make their crimes appear socially acceptable, or within reason, based on the circumstances at the time of the incident. Projections of blame distance suspects from appearing solely responsible for the crime by transferring partial blame to someone or something else, such as victims, peers, society, or intoxicants. Finally, investigators can try to reduce, or minimize, the heinous nature of the crime so it produces less guilt or shame for the suspect. The themes do not provide legal excuses for the crimes but, rather, moral and ethical justifications. Suspects will reduce their initial resistance to concealing the truth if they accept the justifications. Prior to employing the interrogation tactic using the theme driven approach, investigators should familiarize themselves with departmental policy and laws applicable to the use of deceit in their respective jurisdictions. Also, theme driven interrogations can be highly persuasive at times, and the investigator should review current literature concerning the psychological effects of confessions and false confessions. The themes presented by investigators to suspects are as varied as the crimes and the people who commit them. Investigators develop these themes based on the theories and opinions they form as to why the suspect committed a crime gained through interviews with him, additional evidence collected throughout the case, experience, and training formulating them without ever scrutinizing scholarly theories of deviance. However, most themes mirror a criminological theory or a combination of several. By studying the existing theories perfected by sociologists over the past couple of centuries, inexperienced investigators can pursue avenues for theme development while seasoned investigators can refine their existing interrogation skills. Although they must consider certain factors when determining which theme to use, investigators will find that the one which the suspect is most receptive to proves successful. Signs of receptivity vary immensely but include both nonverbal behaviors and gestures, such as becoming more attentive or nodding in agreement to the interviewers theme, and verbal cues, including agreeing with the interviewer and contributing to and validating the theme. Themes that work with some suspects will not always do so with others. Having a prolific interrogation theme repertoire will assist investigators in becoming successful more often. CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIESCriminological theories, the product of centuries of thought that often fuse formal research with common beliefs, offer scientific explanations for the existence of deviant behavior. Some theories conceptualize certain aspects of deviance while selectively ignoring others. For this reason, the study of criminological theory will present theories with overlapping and even contradicting perspectives. This does not affect investigators using them to develop interrogation themes because any theory that presents the illicit behavior as reasonably acceptable to the suspect constitutes a useful tool. Classical Perspective. The classical perspective alleges that criminal behavior involves a rational, calculated choice to achieve the maximum amount of pleasure with the minimum amount of pain. Everyone seeks these hedonistic desires, so, to prevent total chaos within a society, laws are enacted to define acceptable behavior. The laws, serving as a social contract between the government and its citizens, provide reasonable punishments for breaches of the social contract that, in effect, will deter deviant behavior. When sanctions are inadequate, suspects can rationalize criminal activity because the benefits simply outweigh the punishment if captured. Developing themes based on the classical perspective focus on the suspects perceived value of the social contract. Investigators may rationalize a crime merely by explaining to the suspect that the deviant act was logical behavior that anyone in his position would have done because the reward outweighed the possibility of capture and prosecution. For example, investigators can rationalize driving away without paying for gas by telling the suspect that this commonly occurs when gas prices rise. Thousands of other people make this decision every day because of the high cost of gas and the low likelihood of capture and prosecution. In this theme scenario, investigators present the classical perspective as simple economics. Projections of blame should focus on the criminal justice system not taking the suspects crimes seriously enough. In this instance, the investigator should advance the projection with the belief that the suspect would not even have considered stealing the gas if a harsher punishment existed. Further, minimizations address nearly the same issue as projections. In this case, the investigator can minimize the importance for the police and courts to apprehend and prosecute violent offenses, rather than insignificant property crimes. Rational Choice Theory. People choose to do what is in their best self interest the foundation of the rational choice perspective. Although similar to the classical perspective, three distinct components comprise this theory. First, the criminal must rationalize that the illicit behavior is in his best interest. Although more acceptable or legal means exist to achieve the same goal, such as working hard, the criminal concludes the deviant method as the most appropriate. In furtherance of obtaining the goal, the offender must determine the specific focus or modus operandi of the illicit behavior.